Chapter 4 cont...

A transistor has three terminals
- A source
- A base
- An emitter, typically connected to a ground wire

If the electrical signal is grounded, it is allowed to flow through an alternative route to the ground (literally) where it can do no harm.

The easiest gates to create are the NOT, NAND, and NOR gates.

Combination circuit
The input values explicitly determine the output

Sequential circuit
The output is a function of the input values and the existing state of the circuit.
We describe the circuit operations using: Boolean expressions, Logic diagrams, and Truth tables.

Combinational Circuits
Gates are combined into circuits by using the output of one gate as the input for another.

Three inputs require eight rows to describe all possible input combinations. This same circuit using a Boolean expression is (AB + AC).

Consider the following Boolean expression A(B+C) "+ means or"

Circuit equivalence
Two circuits that produce the same output for identical input

Boolean algebra allows us to apply provable mathematical principles to help design circuits.

A(B+C)=AB+BC (distributive law) so circuits must be equivalent.

<u>Properties of Boolean Algebra</u>
Commutative AB=BA
Associated (AB)C=A(BC)
Distributive A(B+C)=(AB)+(AC)
Identity A1=A
Complement A(A')=0
DeMorgan's law (AB)'=A' OR B'

Adders

At the digital logic level, addition is performed in binary.

The result of adding two binary digits could produce a carry value

Recall that 1+1=10 in base two

Half adder
A circuit that computers the sum of two bits and produces the correct carry bit.

Circuit diagram representing a half adder.

Boolean expressions sum = A (+) B carry = AB    "(+) means exclusive or"

Full adder
A circuit that takes the carry-in value into account.

Multiplexer
A circuit that uses a few input control signals to determine which of several output data lines is routed to its output.

Circuits as Memory
Digital circuits can be used to store information.
The circuits form a dequential circuit....etcccccccc

Integrated circuit (also called a chip)

A piece of silicon on which multiple gates have been embedded.

Silicon pieces are mounted on a plastic ceramic package with pins along the edges that can be soldered onto circuit boards or inserted into appropriate sockets.

Integrated circuits (IC) are classified by the number of gates contained in them.

SSI Smal-Scale Integration 1 - 10 gates
MSI Medium-Scale Integration 10 - 100 gates
LSI Large Scale -100 - 100,000
VLSI Very-Large-Scale more than 100,000

CPU Chips
The most important integrated circuit in any computer is the Central Preocessing Unit, or CPU....etc

Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits

Gate-
A device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals

Circuits -
Gates combined to perform more complicated tasks

Boolean expressions
Uses Boolean algebra, a mathematical notation for expressing two; calculated logic

Logic diagrams
A graphical representation of a circuit; each gate has its own symbol

Truth tables
A table showing all possible input value and the associated output values.

Six types of gates
-NOT
-AND
-OR
-XOR
-NAND
-NOR

Typically, logic diagrams are black and white with gates distinguished only by their shape.
 We use color for emphasis (and fun)

**fun...psssft yeah right.

A NOT gate accepts one input signal (0 or 1) and returns the opposite signal as output.
Triangle small circle
Boolean expression X = A'

Truth table
A X
0 1
1 0

An AND gate accepts two input signals

If both are 1, the output is 1; otherwise, the output is 0
Boolean expression X= A x B
A
       D (looking shape)      X
B

Truth table
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

An OR gate accepts two input signals

If both are 0, the output is 0; otherwise, the output is 1

Boolean Expression X = A + B

A
        Fin looking shape X
B

Truth Table
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

An XOR gate accepts two input signals Exclusive OR

If both are the same, the output is; otherwise, the output is 1

Boolean Expression X A (+) B

A
         ) Fin shape   X
B

Truth Table
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Note the difference between the XOR gate and the OR gate; they differ only in one input situation.

The NAND gate accepts two input signals

If both are 1, the output is 0; otherwise, the output is 1

Boolean Expression X = (A x B)'

A
         Dsmall circle    X
B

Truth Table
A B X
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

The NOR gate accepts two input signals

If both are 0, the output is 1; otherwise, the output is 0

Boolean Expression X = (A + B) '

A
          Fin shape Small Circle   X
B

Truth Table
A B X
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

A NOT gate inverts its single input

AN AND gate produces 1 if both input values are 1

AN OR ate produces 0 if both input values are 0

An XOR gate prodcuces 0 if input values are the same

A NAND gate prodcuces 0 if both inputs are 1

A NOR gate produces a 1 if both inputs are 0

Gates with more inputs

Gates can be desgined to accept three or more input values

A three-iunput AND gate, for exampl, prodcuces and output of 1 only if all input values are 1

Boolean Expression  X = A x B x C

A
B        D shape   X
C

Truth Table
A B C X
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
etcccccc

Constructing Gates

Transitor
A device that acts either as a wire that conducts electicity or as a resitor that blocks the flow of electricity, depending on the voltage level of an input signal

A transitor has no moving parts, yet acts like a switch

It is made of a semiconductor material, which is neither a particulary good conductor of electricity nor a particularly good insulator.

Huffman Coding
1011111001010
DRAEB

00	A
	E
	L
	O
	R
	B
	D

**teacher admits he used to be a nerd for stereo systems, used to read magazines about learning which was better with harmonic sounds, etc. lol.

CD's store audio information digitally.

On the surface of the CD are microscopic puts that represent binary digits.

A low intensity laser is pointed a the disk.

--__--__--_ is square wave

Colour
-Perception of the frequencies of light that reach the retinas of our eyes.

Retinas have three types of colour photoreceptor cone cells that correspond to the colors of red, green, and blue.

Colour is expressed as an RGB (red-gree-blue_ value--three numbers that indicate the relative contribution of each of these three primary colours.

AN RGB calue of (255,255,0) maximizes the contribution of red and green, and minimizes the contribution of blue, which results in a bright yellow.

**OMG* They are arguing over the colour for white & black! Wow. lol. Some say O_o;; it's black oh it's white! Get over it...... >_<

Colours are in 8 bits...so you can have 16 million colours.
32bits is 42 billion colours

GIF- 256 colours
JPEG-TIFF - 16 million colours

Colour depth
-the amount of data that is used to represent a colour

HiColour
-1 16 bit colorur depth: five bits used for each number in an rgb value with the extra bit somethings used to represent transparency...

A browser may support only a certain number of specfic colours, creating a palette from which to choose.

Digitizing a picture
-Representing it as a collection of indivudal dots called pixels.

Resolutiuon
-The number of pixels used to repesent a picture.

Raster graphics
-Strogae of data on a pixel-by-pixel basis Bitmap (BMP), GIF, JPEG, and PNG are raster-graphics.

Bitmap format
Contains teh pixel colour valuse of the image from left to right and from top to bottom.

GIF format (indexed color)
Each image is made up of only 256 colours.

JPEG format
Average colour hues over short distances.

PNG format
Like GIF but acheives greater compression with wider range fo colour depths.

Vector graphcis
A format that describes an image in terms of lines and geometric shapes.

A vector graphic is a....

vector graphics can be resized mathematically and changes can be calculated...

Representing Video

Video codec COmpressor/DECompressor
Methods used to shrink the size of a movie to allow it to be played on.

Temproal compression
A technique based on differences btetween consective frames: if most of an image in two frams hasn't changed, why should we waste space to duplicate all of the simmilar information?

Spatial compression
A technique....

**AWESOME we're going over the study guide now. lol Josh helped me so much last night trying to figure a lot of this mess out.

*HECK YES. I'm getting these numbers right with converting hexadecimal to binary!!! :D :D :D :D WOOOO HOOO!!! :D :D :D hahahaha

Chapter Three - Data Representation

data compression 0 reduction in the amount of space needed to store a piece of data

compression ratio - the size of the compressed data divided by the size of the original data

a data compression tecniques can be
 -lossless, which means the data can be retrieved without any loss of the original information

-lossy, which means some information may be lost in the process of compaction

analog & digital information

Computers are finite!
How do we represent an infinite world?

We represent enough of the world to satisfy our computational needs and our senses of sight and sound.

Information can be represented in one of two ways: analog or digital

Analog data
-A continuous representation, analogous to the actual information it represents

Digital data
-A discrete representation, breaking the information up into separate elements.

Thermometer is an analog device.

Computers cannot work well with analog data, so we digitize the data.

Digitize
-Breaking data into pieces and representing those pieces separately.
  How do we use binary to represent digitized data?

Electronic Signals
Important facts about electronic signals
-An analog signal continually fluctuates in voltage up and down
-A digital signal has only a high or low state, corresponding to the two binary digits.
-All electronic signals (both analog and digital) degrade as they moved down a line
-The voltage of the signal flcutuates tdue to envrinomental factors.

Periodically, a digital signal is reclocked to regain its original shape.

Binary Representations

One bit can be either 0 or 1

One bit can repesent two things (Why?) 0 1 2 3

Two bits can represent four things (Why?) 00 01  10  11

Chances of winning Cash 3 Lottery is 1,000. Because you have 000 & 999 and is represented by the 10^umpth power.

2^n power will get you the number in bytes. 2^1=2 2^2=4 2^3=8 2^4=16 2^5=32 2^6=64 2^7=128 2^8=256

How many things can three bits represent?

How many things can four bits represent?

How many things can five bits represent?

When you increase the number of bits it doubles.

Representing Negative Values

Signed-magnitude number representation

The sign represents the ordering, and the digitis represent the magnitude of the number.

Using two decimal digits,
 let 1 through 49 represent 1 through 49
 let 50 through 99 repesent -50 through -1

To perform addition, add the numbers and discard any carry.

A-B=A+(-B)
Add the negative of the second to the first.

Formula to computer the negative represesntaiton of a number

Negative(I) =10^k - I, where k is the number of digits

The presesntation is called the ten's complement.

Negative(5)=100-50=50
Negative(49)=100-49=51
Negative(35)=100-35=65
Negative(1)=100-1=99

Two's Complement
(Veritcal line is easier to read)

00000000

-128-127

Negative(128)=256-128=128
Negative(127)=256-127=129

Addition and subtraction are the same as in 10's complement arithmetic.

-127 10000001
+   1  00000001
------
-126  10000010

Real numbers**

A number with a whole part and a fractional part
104.32, 0.999999, 357.0, and 3.14159

Positions to the right of the decimal point are the teneths position: 10^-1, 10^-2, 10^-3

Same ryles apply in binary as in decimal. Decimal point is actually the radix point. Positions to the right of the radix point binary are 2^-1 (one half) 2^-2 (one quarter), 2^-3 (one eight)

Representing text

There are finite number of caracters to represent, so list them all and assign each a binary string.

01000001=65=A
01000010=66=B
01000011=67=C
01000100=68=D

32 is the difference between capital and lower case letters on this string.

01100001=97=a
01100010=98=b

Unicode uses 16bits 2^16=65,536 (for foreign languages like Chinese...etc)

1111111111111111

ASCII stnads form American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

ASCII originally used seven bits to represent each character, allowing for 128 bits.

Text Compression

Assigning 16 bits to each character in a document uses too much files space.

We need ways to store and transmit text effeicently.

Text compression techniques.
-keyword encoding
-run-length encoding
-Huffman encoding

Keyword Encoding

Replace frequently used words with a single character.

Run-length encoding.

A signle character may bre repeated over and over again in a long squence.

Replace a repeated sequence with
-a flag character
-repeated character
-number....

Huffman Encoding

Huffman codes use variable-length bit strings to repesent each character.

More frequently used letters have shorter strings to represent them.

Morse code
ETAOINS
*_                  dit and dah

Huffman

2^n  n is number of bits

5bits is 2^5=32

Hexadecimal means base 16

10 - A
11 - B
12 - C
13 - D
14 - E
15 - F

Convert a binary number to hexadecimal
1. Group your bits into groups of four
2. Covert each group to a Hexadecimal  value

             16^1= 16  16^0= 1    16x10 = 160 1x10= 10......160+10=170
10101010 = AA

8421     8421
1010     1010
   A           A


1000 1011 0111
8       11=B     7

Converting hexadecimal to binary

7E9
0111 1110 1001

135 convert to binary   135-128=7

128    64   32 16  8  4  2  1
 1          0    0   0   0  1  1  1

Convert 345 to decimal 345-256=...

256  128  64  32  16  8  4  2  1
1        0     1    0     1   1  0  0  1

convert 101011001

0001 0101 1001
1        5         9 = 159

1+1= 0 carry the 1 so it looks like 10
9+1=10

  111111
  1010111
+1001011
-------------
 10100010


1 1       1
1110011
+  11001
-----------
0101000

10001100 is the flippin answer... >_<

Great subtracting while fighting to stay awake... arghhhh caffeine gave up on me...

  12
0202
1010111
- 111011
------------
 0011100

**teacher and vest kid are discussing calculus....wtc....hahaha I wanna burst out into laughter...oh.how I want to...LOL! sooooo boring here and the a/c broke because of rain over the weekend.

**another discussion with vest kid and teacher...talking about encrypting email because of the Patriot Act. Vest kid says hey get a hotmail...lol

COBOL & BUG =made by this old lady from about 50 years ago

**teacher made a startrek reference...what am I getting into?

Just a few thoughts that I was thinking as I went to go get some food after leaving the house from getting back to church and stuff haha.

This evening was so nice, I'm not sure about the rest of the day. But when I was out and about it was around 7ish where the sun was getting ready to set beyond the horizon. The air was a nice chilly breeze in the mid 70's or something like that.

It was really cool to ride down the road with the windows down and it not be hot, but just right. It was comfortable to wear blue jeans and a polo and smell the smells of fall. That smell of fresh food being cooked like at the fair. The colour isn't really here yet in the foliage nor the rest of the season but it will be really nice to see it catch up.

Too bad that this cold front is about to leave though. Well other than that on my mind things are going a lot better with my mum. I'm back at her house mainly for school reasons and plus when I wrote her a letter it really broke away at a lot of stuff inside her. So she's changed a lot since then and well so have I.

I've changed my major for the fourth time to Computer Science. That right there is going to be a challenge to do but fun nonetheless :]. The classes I'm taking are Intro to Computer Science, Speech, College Algebra, Comp II, American Government, and World Civilization I, for a total of 17 hours this semester. Yeah, it's going to be interesting but I'll be glad to get some of these classes out of the way so I can leave this place faster haha to a better school. I'm still not sure if I should just work on transferring or just decide to finish up with my associates. I dunno so far.

I've been catching up on a lot of missed hours of playing piano. :] I've always gotten caught up on playing Sims 3. I think I'm on the fourth or fifth generation in my little legacy family going on. It's been tough but actually a lot of fun. I'm actually not using that many mods either, which is a surprise. I just have the essentials, like the skill mod, all fruit/vegetable & fish in store mod, and ghost control mod.

I went to a really cool birthday party last night with friends for Amanda T. I actually went swimming.... -_- Hey, it was a four foot deep pool and it was at night. So it was cool and the water was so warm, it was really nice. I didn't know that moving around in the pool could be such a work out though!

I learned how to run the soundboard at church tonight by Rachel M.'s mum. It was an experience and I hope that I can learn it more and more so I can do it one day, eventually haha. Here I go again being the youngest person on a team/activity thing at church. This is crazy but I love it so much fun. Handbell choir starts back up September 1, can't wait. :] Club rush is this Tuesday and I'm supposed to be helping with 4-H. I still have no idea what we're going to do lol.

Ok, so that's just a general update. I wanted to write something that sounded somewhat inspirational or something. But I lost track of that idea when I got back home and started playing piano for about an hour. Life is getting better, faith is getting stronger, things still aren't perfect but neither am I. I'm just living day by day and pray for a reoccurring glance at life.

Natural Numbers
--Zero and any number obtained by repeatedly adding one to it. Ex.: 100,  0,   4565,  32

Negative Numbers
--A value less than 0, with a - sign Ex. -249


Binary

Decimal is base 10 and has 10 digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Binary is base 2 and has 2 digits

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101110?
1 x 2^6 = 1 x64 = 64
+ 1 x 2^5 = 1 x32 = 32
+0 x 2^4 = 0 x 16 = 0
+1x2^3 = 1 x 8 = 8
+1 x 2^2 = 1 x 4 = 4
+1 x 2^1 = 1 x 2 = 2
+0 x 2^0 = 0 x 1 = 0
                         = 110 in base 10

1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 (is the below binary number)
01000001
1) Put a 1 in the right most digit
2) Multiply by 2 going to the left
3) Add the numbers in the top row that have a 1 below it

01000001
=1+62 = 65

10101010
=2+8+32+128= 170

*Always start with the 1 on the far left side. Start left to right.

00000000 = 0 is smallest binary number
11111111 = 255 is largest binary number
10111111 = 191
10111110 = 190

Counting in bInary/octal/decimal

Bits n' bytes

bit = binary digit

8 bits = 1 byte
1,000bytes = kilobyte
1 million bytes = 1megabyte
1 billion bytes = 1gigabyte
1 trillion bytes = 1 tearbytes

0	0	0
1	1	1
10	2	2
11	3	3
100	4	4
101	5	5
110	6	6
111	7	7
1000	8	8
	9	9
	10	10

tamerofhope great day. Laptop broke. Phone cut off. Car taken away. Cops involved. Just peachy weekend. :] I'm ecstatic for what comes next! X_x; die...
4 minutes ago from Tweetie

Yeah....That's my twitter status. So today I wake up at twelve from staying up to about two in the morning playing Sims 3. I was high off of coco cola and I was trying to stress relieve myself from the prior events yesterday. I got up and I took the sheets off of my bed because I was going to trade mattresses with the one my aunt had in her room before she left. So I did that taking the box springs off and the mattresses from both beds and to the other. It took a while and was a bit tricky but I got it done.

I go downstairs to make some microwavable macaroni and cheese in a cup thing with a Coke. I'm trying to avoid conversation with John and momma but they're still talking to me like nothing happened the day before. So I go to let in the dogs and everything is cool. Later I even take lots of pictures of them, well after I get my bed situated. So momma and John are trying to clean out the computer room or rather Aunt Judy's room.

I was trying to get all my old files off of the desktop computer in there because John wants to throw it away (he doesn't want to recycle it, no comment). I'm sitting in there getting my stuff off of the computer while trying to put it to my laptop and I had the Sims 3 going on mums laptop at my desk in my room. I was waiting on a house to load because it takes a while for large files. John was ranting on how he hated my aunt and calling her all these dirty words and sayings, pretty much making himself look better and her look like dirt. I'm not going to get into that story now about my aunt. :/

John fixes the paper shredder or rather banging it around with his fist to get the paper to get cut. Then he tells me about one of his friends in Graphic Arts and stuff saying how I should make movies everyday if I really want to do it. I wasn't ignoring him then but still trying to get files off and going through old ones.

After I finish that and leave the computer to transfer stuff over I go get ready to take a shower. Once I get out and I notice that no one is home they went to Harvey's to get some canned dog food and other stuff. So I put on my shoes to go see what they're doing and stuff. Next thing I know I'm going outside to feed the dogs. I get done doing that and I start playing piano or try to. Meanwhile mum is trying to yell at me to go cook hamburgers. I didn't say that I was hungry at that time nor did I really want to eat anything then. But when I was feeding the dogs John went to go turn on the grill outside. I don't think he turned it on all the way because the gas wasn't out and I didn't want to touch it and have it explode or something. Once I finished playing my song (something from Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers) mum is like go cook some hamburgers.

I get the hamburgers out of the fridge and they were already defrosted from laying out all yesterday because Mr. Drunkhead didn't want to cook, because it was too hot at a normal eating time. Regardless. So I go to put the patties on the grill and I notice that the flame wasn't coming out (this is my second time ever using the grill by the way). I wasn't sure what was going on with it. I go inside and ask John about it and he just cuts in to saying with a smart tone, "Oh they didn't teach you how to do that in the 4-H?!". I'm taken aback and question him about what he said and I said "no." Then he asks me how to balance a check book. I say, "I remember we had a class about that at camp a few years ago (more like three or four at Wahsega Sr. Camp) but I don't know how..." That seemed to be the fuel to his fire right there when I said that.

He starts yelling and his raises back his chest and all the blood rushing to his face because he's trying to get all of this off of his chest. Saying how about twenty years ago in California in 4-H his friends knew how to live off of the land and survive in the wild and camp. I say that was boyscouts. He yells back and said that it wasn't. So I just try to ignore him and hoping that he would stop and calm down. I walk around to the kitchen and motion my hands to momma saying that he keeps talking. She says go check on the grill. So I try to go outside and he snaps back saying "I'm trying to talk to you!" etc... So I just walk around the house again and go upstairs towards my room. Then he chases me up there saying, "I'm going to take all of your stuff and destroy it" I think he was referencing to my desk with all of my computer stuff.

I go to my doorway and stand there holding on to the frame on both sides. Rachel and I do this all the time fighting around the house so I knew what to do. But he tried to push me out of the way to get inside. At first he couldn't push me out of the way. So he grabs me back and pushes towards the railing of the stairs and I fly towards the floor and almost crash head first into the wall. Somehow my hand got scrapped up on something. Meanwhile John is screaming and doing whatever in my room. I run downstairs.

Now stop and I have been going back to this thought all day. My mum actually got up and she looked surprised at what was going on. She darted up the stairs towards John...Didn't ask about me if I was ok. So I run out of the door. Because I'm tired of his crap and I don't have any keys to drive anywhere. Luckily I had my phone in my pocket. I walk down the road and almost breaking down into tears calling daddy and telling him what had just happened. He said that he was on his way. So I just walked down at the far end of the road while I hear John yelling curse words and stuff at me from the window or balcony one. I broke down into tears walking down the road.

It has literally eaten me alive inside to think of how my mother, flesh and blood has treated me this weekend. She cares more about her boyfriend that she has known for about three years than her OWN flesh and blood that she HELPED bring into this world. After John tried pushing me down the stairs she comes to HIS side and not asking about me.

Then later she goes to tell my dad through a text message that I got angry at John and something like that happened. Momma is always like this. Her last boyfriend was an alcoholic and he always tried making threats towards me. Last time I saw him was when he was getting taken away in the back of a cop car because of something stupid he did. All my mum is worried about is how she's going to make it from paycheck to paycheck and how she can enjoy her days in between. She only concerned about who brings money into the house and that's all she's after.

Momma is just like the rest of her sisters, always in each others business and has never learned to grow up about things. They fight like Rachel and I do but we don't go starting stuff about each other to stir up trouble.

Ok, moving on to when daddy picked me up. I told him what happened as we were driving towards the police department. I was texting Dimple some while I was crying on my walk along the road. She didn't really understand what all was going on and I wasn't giving her all of the picture. So we get to the police station and knowing how this city/county operates amazes me. My dad wanted to have a police escort back to momma's house so I could get my clothes to stay with him for a while. The dispatcher said that all of the cops were gone to a funeral to direct traffic and stuff. Only like one of them came to the office and then he said he couldn't do it because he had another call come in. Momma is calling daddy's cell phone from a restricted number over and over and over and then tries to call mine a few times. She then later sends daddy a long text saying how "rude and stuff" I was to her this weekend...

So daddy took me to Theris's house and I stayed out there until daddy and Phil (his neighbor) came out to get me. Because they had got a cop that we all know to go out there with us to momma's. Right when Tony (cop) and I got under momma's car port to get my stuff was when the weather went really bad. It started storming. :/ So mum came down to unlock the door and let us in. Momma looked surprised and I just ignored her and John. I really don't remember what her and John was saying because I was just focusing on getting my clothes and stuff packed.

First thing I went after was my laptop and my Tera Byte Hard Drive and then just slamming clothes into my bookbag and suitcase. I wish that I had more shorts to wear but they were all in the dirty clothes and I was trying to hurry because it was storming outside. I even forgot my bathroom stuff. :/ But meanwhile John was back there saying all of this crap to the cop to try to make me look bad. He even went so far to say that I curse at my mom. I held my tongue because I knew that it wouldn't make things any better if I said anything to the mix. I was hoping that John would act up and so Tony could've had him arrested but it didn't happen. Tony was getting annoyed though with how John was acting and all the things that he was saying. Then mum was adding in saying how bad of a kid I am. And John goes in to bringing religion up into everything. Saying how I'm not a good Christian kid because I disrespect my mother.

Wait a minute.....How in the WORLD are you suppose to show your mother respect when you heard her all afternoon for at least two hours getting knocked up by her drunk boyfriend and THEN try to speak to her on a normal level. Tell me how. Really.

John does not have the audacity to bring anything up about what he can't preach himself. Moving on. So I go outside and into the carport and Tony is telling me how I should treat my parents and stuff. I mean I know this, I just don't go along with drunks after momma's last boyfriend. I'm watching the trees shake in the wind and the hurricane like pattern of wind scatter the rain every direction and every couple of seconds bolts of lightning crisscrossing the sky. After he's finished talking to me I run towards Phil's truck in the rain and accidentally knock over my tea. :/

So he brings me back to Theris's house and I stay there and don't get home till about twelve. I had a lot of fun over there. It was just really nice to be around people that actually cared for me to be around and they kept my mind off of things. We went to Wal-mart for about two hours and eventually walked to Sonic.

So end result of this weekend. I no longer have a car to drive, my cell phone got cut off, my laptop somehow wound up getting broken, got thrown around the house almost into the wall, and the cops got involved. So I've had an amazing weekend full of drama and action towards me because I was the bystander of the house. It came to me because Aunt Judy was tired of how mum and John talk about her so she left. So since she's gone now I get all the wonderful negative attention. Now I bet this week momma is going to ruin my life some more by telling her family all sorts of stuff, great. Isn't this what makes life so much better.

People need to learn how to grow up and get on with things in their life and instead of dwelling upon stuff that happened in their childhood. My mother needs to see a psychiatrist so she can figure out what is wrong with her and instead of blaming all of her problems onto me. Well that is all for now I need to try to get some sleep.

Another entry about how I'm really lost or more along the lines of showing how insane my mum is. I think that the latter sounds more close to being right though.

So today is Independence Day. All mum did was water some flowers outside this morning. Later this afternoon she says she's tired from doing so much work around the house. Usually we cook on this day, it's a holiday. But I guess it's a new tradition for mum this year all she did was lay up in her freakin bed screwin her boyfriend. I posted this also on twitter.

So I've been angry about this going on today. I have no where to go and mum will complain to me later if I go anywhere wasting gas. So I'm playing Sims 3 and it's really hard to concentrate playing while you hearing all these sounds going on across the hall + stairs. I'm going to leave it at that.

Would you be in a happy or normal mood if that's all you heard all day. Then to top if off John (her b/f) is practically drunk. I had to call to ask mum if she was going to cook because I was hungry. Apparently that is 100% classification saying that I'm gay because I asked when dinner was going to be cooked around 6 o'clock.

Mum gives me some money to go down to Harvey's to get some water and hot dog & hamburger buns. I return and I get yelled at for not putting the hot dogs and meat out on the counter before I left. :| >_<

So I throw my wallet at the door from the stairs. Drunk John and mum thought I slammed my door and said I was lying about not doing it. How can I slam my door from standing midpoint in the stairs? I mean come on honestly. So point number two to say I'm gay according to John.

Later mum comes in my room asking me if I wanted a cheeseburger and I said not really and then she starts getting attitude with me calling me a wimp for not wanting to eat or something. I go with her to the store because she wanted to buy some lottery tickets from two different gas stations and get dog food. I did not feel like walking into wal-mart seeing everyone in town because of fourth of July celebrations. So we go to McDonalds and she gets mad at me because I order a meal. I question myself inside and ask, "Then why are you bringing me by freakin' McDonalds?". Mum's like you better finish that before we get home or John is going to fuss and complain because you couldn't wait till he got up to cook around nine or ten o'clock.

How many people eat a full dinner meal at about nine to ten o'clock at night? They didn't want to fire up the grill under the car port before because it was too hot.....

So as I'm eating my food and we pull into Hop-In mum asks me if I was gay and if I liked girls or if I screwed anything. Why are you going to ask me this all the time? I am straight and I do like girls. Mum: Well you don't act like it..... Me: -_-

She's worrying about me when her daughter is possibly going to end up pregnant by time she graduates. If you saw her crack shorts she had on the other night while she was out guy hunting with her friend in Warner Robins at some fireworks thing. They were literally as long as an index card going on the long side..

I had to stuff my food down at the gas station and throw it away before we left. Mum came back acting all happy and snooty. Mum: Hey Hey Hey I got more numbers nooow! :D Me: So.... Mum: Hey you got a pimple there *touches*. Me: STOP. LEAVE ME ALONE! Mum: What's wrong with you? Me: You...

Then she goes into a rant of how I act spoiled. I reflect in my mind to others and I'm not spoiled as a lot of other people normally are....

So I'm in a p/o mood because I had to listen to my mum get knocked against a wall all day and I'm suppose to act like a normal kid. How does that equal out?

I'm straight, heterosexual, and I don't know how to act anymore. I get told one thing then another. I don't act "normal" because I don't know how normal people act. I'm always confined to the house to be criticized and judged by mum. It gets to me on a deep level that I just don't do anything. That's one reason why I wore pants everyday from 7th to 12th grade. I had a constant fear of what my mum would say about my legs because they were really hairy. She always picks to the max. That's one reason why my aunt went back to Alabama but that's another story. I'm afraid to act like other people for judgement of what mum will say and Rachel takes after her. So if I don't get it from mum that means I'll get it from Rachel.

That's why I always wear socks. Because I always have a constant fear of what mum will say about me and why did I suddenly stop wearing socks. She will call me out and just pick at me joking around but will keep on about it. I don't like what she says. When Rachel and mum are together (it's rare, which shouldn't be..but everyone now goes against the divorce rules) it's worse. They double team me, laughing and talking about me. I hate it.

I hate how things in my life have gotten when things are also equally going semi-decent. I try to get a job through RESA and mum had to get a paper sent through her work. But she didn't feel like filling it out. :'( She's been wanting me to get a job all year. Here's my chance and she doesn't go for it. She's like, "No that will cost me $40 to do that. I'll just give them my check stubs". She didn't go down to RESA. I ask her about it and she just says, "Oh well. Find something else."

I hate it when I see people will normal families or ones that take advantage of their family when they have it so good. Sure I may get stuff every now and then but just because I have it doesn't mean I enjoy it. Money only gives you greed and leaves you with sadness and nothing to fulfill you.

I know I have a sad and pathetic life. I always go for attention because I've been neglected of it from my parents for so many years. It's taken me at least 17-19 years to grow the brainpower to figure people out and decipher them from the inside to out. Ever since my mum went to college she has become a totally different person. The divorce just brought out different parts of her and expanded them to high new levels. Since the divorce I've just learned to keep my mouth shut when I have nothing to say. No one said that my brain couldn't be quiet though. Be thankful for what you have and let everyone know that you keep dear to your heart know it. You only have one chance to live and each day that passes is one that will never come back. You forget something one day, doesn't mean it is always guaranteed to you the next. The same comes when your life and you shouldn't waste it away because the world tries to break you. Glue the pieces back together and keep going, it's a long way back to the nearest glue bottle.

This isn't another depressing blog entry. I know that I have way to many of those and I need to revamp this layout or something so it doesn't look the same. Since I have so much free time now and less stress. :]

I just finished reading some blogdrive "gracenote" :]. You know what I'm talking about haha. I took off Javascript, like you said before a long time ago and went to view the source and it was plain in sight. :] Thanks to you-know-who. :] XDD

But after reading some old blog posts from the past of another person. I was reminded how simple high school was and how emo we all were. We complained about our new multi-million dollar school and how are teachers acted and how life was in general. But everything was just so much simpler. We had a fixed schedule and we didn't have to spend our own money all the time, like on gas or lunch eating out. Everything was made all we had to do was get a ride to school or catch the bus and not get in trouble and do our work. We just had to listen to what we were told, half the time we didn't know. haha.

But now college is just totally the opposite. You don't really see the same people you used to see all the time. People are trying to finish school and leave home for good or so they think. In high school you start to see people start in relationships and see the results of what happens to them in their relationships. Now in college you see how people really are and how being on their own or well some of them has effected them. They are doing drugs or having way to much pleasure for their own good. This is where it seems people are growing up way to fast.

I look in the mirror and I see myself as the same person that I was back in ninth grade. I wouldn't say eight grade because that was a slightly different person haha. But I still look the same (plus or minus with the retarded hair) but inside is the same, it's just my mind has became more broaden of intellect. XD I guess it's a good thing that people see me as looking like a sixteen year old when in a few months will be at the age of twenty. Yikes. :/

College just sets you up for life on your own and how you will live your single life with friends or until you meet that certain someone and then if you're lucky the right person for marriage. Then that will be the next major life step.

I know parts of me will never grow up and I can't help that. It's who I am. I love to make people laugh and watch kids shows. Well the normal shows that come on Disney and Nickelodeon like Zach & Cody and iCarly. XD

It's strange that my sister is getting along with me more now and less arguing and screaming. I guess because of all the many times she didn't see me when I was busy with school at mums house. She got to see life as an only child for once. So now we watch TV all the time and watch YouTube and make some videos that are crazy. I wish that I had a normal white sister though one that is fitted to see in one race retrospect. Meaning I wish she didn't like black guys or their culture as much as she does. I'm not being racist by this statement. It's one thing to listen to one rap song but to go out learning all the dances to all the songs and going farther into their culture. Bleh.

Ok. Well mum got her haircut decently today! I fixed Hannah G's iPod that she won at the Parent Kid Connection this weekend. That's where I got to meet Judson Laipply, the guy that does the evolution of dance video on YouTube that is the most watched video in YouTube history. Yeah, he's really cool and funny. I got paid $65 on Monday. Why? Because I was making this website for Courtney J and she paid me $40 but I think she really wanted to give me $30. The website looks a little down from what I can do but she didn't give me anything really to work with. Mrs. Buffy paid me $25 for making this video for her so she could give to her mum for Mother's Day. It was really cool and they all enjoyed it. :] I wish I could do this all summer. At least now I have enough money to buy Sims 3 with!

I got to see Angels & Demons with Mindy H at the movies this Sunday night. The movie was pretty much awesome, even though I missed the first thirty something minutes of it. I didn't agree with Tom Hanks character though but Ron Howard did an awesome job of directing the movie. This is neat that I just found out from IMDB that this movie was actually suppose to come out in 2007 but was affected by the Writer's Strike and everything had to be postponed. XD But I didn't have to pay for my movie ticket. I have no idea why. I thought it was neat though maybe because I got there kinda late and I knew the guy at the counter and he's cool.

Usually every summer I replay a Zelda game but I just don't feel up to it since I've been waking up so late in the day. X_x; I accidentally deleted my Twilight Princess saved game files while trying to hack the Wii. I didn't want to screw it up so I stopped and I did something wrong and thus killed over 70 hours of wasted time playing and replaying that game. *sighs* So now I'm just trying not to become a fatty and play DDR and WiiFit. Yeah, I need a life. Help me someone. -_- haha